What are the parts of a syllable referred to as that include consonants and vowels?

The parts of a syllable that include consonants and vowels are referred to as the onset and rime. The onset is the initial consonant sound or sounds of a syllable, while the rime consists of the vowel and any following consonant sounds within the syllable. For example, in the word "cat," the onset is the "c" sound, and the rime is "at."

This terminology helps in understanding how syllables are structured and is particularly important in literacy education, as it aids in phonemic awareness and spelling strategies. Recognizing the onset and rime can assist learners in decoding and encoding words more effectively.

The other options represent different concepts. Phoneme segments refer to the individual sounds in a word, which differ from the broader structure of onset and rime. Syllabic components is not a standard term to describe the parts of a syllable in this context. Rhyme scheme refers specifically to the pattern of rhyme in poetry and does not pertain to the syllable structure itself. Thus, the correct choice accurately identifies the fundamental parts that make up syllables in phonics and reading.