Which assessment method includes teacher-made tests and running records?

The correct answer is based on the understanding that informal assessments encompass a variety of evaluation techniques that are typically created or administered by teachers. Teacher-made tests are tailored to the specific learning objectives and content covered in the classroom, allowing educators to assess students' understanding in a manner that aligns directly with their teaching.

Running records, which involve systematic recording and analysis of a student's reading behavior as they read aloud, are also classified as informal assessments. This method provides insight into a student's reading fluency, comprehension skills, and any areas requiring support.

In contrast, standardized testing refers to assessments that are uniform in their administration and scoring, typically used to compare student performance against a broad population. Predictive assessments aim to forecast future performance, often based on a student's current abilities, and diagnostic testing focuses on identifying specific areas of difficulty in learning. While all these methods serve valuable purposes in the educational process, they do not encompass the flexible, teacher-centered approach seen in informal assessments.