Which element of a reading program focuses on the structure of language and social communication?

The correct answer is rooted in the definition of pragmatics, which refers to the aspect of language that deals with how context influences the interpretation of meaning in communication. Pragmatics involves understanding the social rules and conventions that govern language use in various contexts, including how speakers convey meaning beyond the literal words they use. This includes aspects such as tone, body language, and the social dynamics between communicators.

In a reading program, an emphasis on pragmatics is crucial as it helps students comprehend not just the text itself, but also the implied meanings and intended messages that come from social interactions. This understanding enriches their overall reading experience and equips them for effective communication in real-world situations.

The other areas mentioned focus on different aspects of language. Phonology deals with the sounds of speech and their systematic organization; orthography refers to the conventional spelling system of a language; and semiotics is the study of signs and symbols, which can encompass broader meanings beyond just verbal communication. While all these components are essential for a comprehensive reading program, pragmatics specifically addresses the social and contextual elements of language use.